phonemes#smallest unit of sound that contrasts meaning
aspirated#sound followed by a small puff of air
unaspirated#sound articulated with no airflow
morphemes#smallest units of language that actually carry meaning
affix#bound morpheme, only occurs when attached to another morpheme
prefix#affix that comes before the root
suffix#affix that comes after the root
derivational morpheme#morpheme used to expand and build new words out of old ones
inflectional morpheme#morpheme that marks grammatical categories (plurality, tense, adverb, comparitives, superlative)
syntax#level of word order, grammar
synonym#words with same meaning
antonym#words with opposite meaning
homonym#words that sound alike but have different meaning, arbitrariness of the linguistic sign
ambiguity#accidents of meaning in language
disambiguation#process of discarding inappropriate meanings
frame or script#encyclopedic knowledge and knowledge about the word stored in the brain
structural ambiguity#ambiguity of the grammatical structure of the sentence
intonation#rise and fall in pitch of the voice in speech
prosody#the metrical, or rhythmic structure of language
pragmatics#the attitudes and beliefs of the speakers and listeners, the context in which a statment is made, or some knowledge of how language is used to communicate
phonology#The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics.
phoenics#The branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of speech and their production, combination, description, and representation by written symbols.
distinctive difference#differientiating between sounds
lexicon#The morphemes of a language considered as a group.
morphology#The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.
semantics#The study of relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent.
pragmatics#The study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the interlocutors.
interlocutor#Someone who takes part in a conversation, often formally or officially.
discourse analysis
sociolinguistics#The study of language and linguistic behavior as influenced by social and cultural factors.